Originally published in
August 7, 2021
@ jeanillec.blogspot.com
Cohesion ensures that the words used in a sentence are linked together. Thus, cohesion ensures that words and sentences stick together. Here are things that you need to know about cohesion:
· Focuses more on grammar in sentence formation. · Refers to individual parts that are collected together and are stick together for representation. · It is observable as it is dealt with the actual written content
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Good cohesion is achieved through the following METHODS:
Method of Cohesion | Usage |
REPEATED WORDS/IDEAS | In order to achieve cohesion one of the things one should use is the repetition of words or the repetition of ideas using different words. This is where synonyms come in. Be reminded that repeating words several times than expected is pretty annoying and can make your writing dull. So use repetition creatively and efficiently.
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Example:
The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defense. If these weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet.
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REFERENCE WORDS | These are words used to refer to something that is previously mentioned in the text. The most commonly used reference words are pronouns. These reference words are essential to avoid unnecessary repetitions.
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Example:
The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defense. If these weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet.
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TRANSITION SIGNALS | These are widely dubbed as cohesive devices or linking words or phrases to show connectedness of ideas in a text. Without these, ideas become scattered and individualized, thus the lack of harmony in your writing.
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Example:
The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defence. If these weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet.
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ELLIPSIS | When meaning is already clear as you read the context, one or more words are left out.
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Example:
The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defense. If these [nuclear] weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet. | |
COHESIVE DEVICES
As previously discussed, these cohesive devices, a.k.a. transition signals or connectors, are essential in ensuring connectedness and relationship among ideas in a text. These connectors are used to link sentences, clauses and other connectors which follow a different grammar pattern.
TAKE NOTE OF THE PUNCTUATION USED… · Sentence connectors are joined by a full-stop (period) or semi-colon, and are followed by a comma. · Clause connectors are joined by a comma.
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Here are the different types of TRANSITION SIGNALS:
Additive signals are used to introduce an additional idea.
Sentence Connectors
| also besides furthermore in addition moreover additionally and | Texting while driving is really dangerous. Furthermore, that is against the law. |
Clause Connectors | and or nor | Do you want to go swimming, or come with me to the mall? |
Other Connectors | another (+ noun) an additional (+ noun) | I think I saw another drifter this morning. |
Comparison signals are used to point out the similarity or likeness of ideas.
Sentence Connectors
| likewise similarly equally in the same way in the same manner | A mother usually recognizes how her child's skin feels when blindfolded. Similarly, she can, with no doubt, identify her baby's cry. |
Clause Connectors | and both... and not only... but also neither... nor just as | She did not only ask for directions, but also made me her tour guide. |
Other Connectors | as... as like/alike just like to be similar to to be alike to be similar | You don’t have to be just like anyone else; be distinctive. |
Contrast signals are used to indicate the difference or unlikeness of ideas.
Sentence Connectors
| however in contrast nevertheless on the contrary in/by comparison on the other hand | What she did wasn't a good thing; on the contrary, it was a huge mistake. |
Clause Connectors | but whereas while still yet | All of her other siblings are doctors, whereas she is an engineer. |
Other Connectors | compared to/with to be different (from) to be dissimilar to be unlike to differ (from) | We are meant to be different from each other, though we are created equal |
Concession signals are used to show unexpected results. There might be a bit of similarity to Contrast transitions but they are not the same.
Sentence Connectors
| however nevertheless nonetheless still | Sylvia is so scared of the ruthless general. She braced herself to face him nonetheless. |
Clause Connectors | but yet although even though though | This community sheltered her from troublesome past, but she left without even saying goodbye. |
Other Connectors | despite (+ noun) in spite of (+ noun) | Despite Henry’s good deeds, he spent the rest of his life behind bars. |
Cause/Reason signals are used to indicate something which could be the root, the justification or the explanation of another action, condition or phenomenon.
Sentence Connectors
| for this reason | Clara’s family will migrate to Canada next month. For this reason, she wouldn’t be able to join the team for the championship game. |
Clause Connectors | for because since as | Clara is not here to join us anymore, because she already migrated to Canada. |
Other Connectors | to result from to be the result of due to because of to be the effect of to be the consequence of as a result of as a consequence of | The team felt a bit down today due to Clara’s absence. |
Effect/Result signals are used to point out the consequences or outcome of an action, condition or phenomenon.
Sentence Connectors
| as a result as a consequence consequently hence thus therefore | She didn't like the cover of my book; Consequently, she never really read it. |
Clause Connectors | so | She didn’t like it here, so she left. |
Other Connectors | to result in to cause to have an effect on to affect the cause of the reason for | I don’t want my presence here to cause any trouble. |
Example signals are used to indicate patterns of similarities or likeness; or similarities in characteristics.
Sentence Connectors
| for example for instance in this case | For instance, you contracted the COVID-19 virus. What would you do? |
Clause Connectors |
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Other Connectors | such as (+ noun) like an example of (+ noun) to demonstrate | The story of Cinderella is an example of a fairy tale. |
Chronological Order signals are used to indicate how things or ideas are arranged in order.
Sentence Connectors
| first, second, etc. first of all then next now then soon last finally previously meanwhile gradually after that since then | First she went to Myla’s house to ask for directions. Then, she went past the church after hours of getting lost. Finally, she came by the house and found me. |
Clause Connectors | after as as soon as before since until when while | She asked for a glass of water and some bread, when she saw me. |
Other Connectors | the first, the second the next, the last, the final before (dinner etc.) after (the wedding etc.) since (1982 etc.) in the year (1900 etc.) | I expect you to be in the house before dinner. |
Order of Importance signals are used to indicate the sequence of events with the most to the least value.
Sentence Connectors
| above all first and foremost more/most importantly primarily | Carlos have won many races; Most importantly, he brought honor and glory to our town. |
Clause Connectors |
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Other Connectors | a more important the most important the second most significant the primary | The most important part of the ceremony is your winning speech. |
Alternative signals are used to indicate other possibilities.
Sentence Connectors
| alternatively otherwise | You can turn yourself in; Otherwise, you run and hide forever. |
Clause Connectors | or if unless | They would never find you, unless someone comes forward to reveal your location. |
Other Connectors |
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Explanation signals are used to make clarifications.
Sentence Connectors
| that is in other words specifically | Erika never responded to your invitation. In other words, she is not really interested to your proposal. |
Clause Connectors |
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Other Connectors | namely i.e. | Those who came are the Santoses, namely: Carmen, Laurence and Mina. |
Reinforcement signals are used to indicate supporting or additional information.
Sentence Connectors
| in fact indeed of course clearly | Martha is very much prepared for the camping. In fact, she already bought a new tent. |
Clause Connectors |
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Other Connectors |
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Conclusion signals are used to indicate a coming to an end or to arrive at a judgement.
Sentence Connectors
| all in all in brief in conclusion in short in summary | We had a long week; all in all, it was fun-filled and challenging though. |
Clause Connectors |
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Other Connectors | to summarise to conclude It is clear that... We can see that... The evidence suggests... These examples show... | We can see that the government is doing its best to counter the ill-effects of this pandemic. |
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