FIGURES OF SPEECH FOR GRADE 7

 Originally published in

July 13, 2020

@ jeanillec.blogspot.com

The use of figures of speech in communication is a confirmation of the notion that "Language is an art". Hence, the varied forms of figures of speech shall serve as color palette. Such language gives a streak of importance to a supposed plain and dull expression. Furthermore, it could also lessen the gravity of an already difficult situation. Therefore, figures of speech makes communication colorful and interesting.

Here are some of the figures of speech there is. 

Simile is an indirect comparison however, not all that uses "as" and "like" to compare are called simile. Bear in mind that it is only simile when two unlike things, persons or ideas are compare.

You are so like your father.

            

           "You" which refers to a person is compared to another person "father" therefore this does not qualify for a figure of speech.

You tend to these plants like their father.

The attributes of care given by a father is compared to how a man takes care of the plants. They are two unlike ideas: fatherhood and gardening. Therefore this is a simile.

Furthermore, the statement "Fear not! We are protected by soldiers as brave as lions.", shows how the courage and fierceness of the soldiers is indirectly compared to that of lions. 

Metaphor is direct comparison therefore it makes comparison with the absence of "as" and "like". In the statement, "He was boiling mad!", a person's anger is compared to that of a boiling pot which gives off steam, overflows and is very hot. 

Thus, this means the person is very angry.

To personify a thing, an idea or even an animal is to give it an attribute - skill, personality, behavior, etc. - of a human being. In the statement, "The moon's shadow danced on the lake.", shows a picture of the moon's shadow on the surface of the lake moving in the direction the wind moves the water to. 

This gives the seemingly dancing motion of the moon's shadow. A person's ability to dance is compared to how the moon's shadow moves on the surface of the lake.

Hyperbole is plainly exaggerating an event, condition or circumstance. In the statement, "I am so hungry I could eat a horse.", the speaker simply means he is very hungry but it doesn't mean he'd eat a horse. 

The horse only symbolizes how huge his craving for food could be that he could eat almost anything.

Like the allusion, you could make an effective apostrophe if you are well-versed in history, culture and literature. However, this one is simpler than apostrophe because you only need to address that historically or culturally significant someone as if he/she is in front of you. 

In the statement, "Not yet Rizal, not yet!", the speaker speaks to Dr. Jose Rizal, our national hero, as if he is in front of him. The statement denotes the speakers grave need for Rizal to continue his works and not die yet.

Irony usually says the opposite of what it actually means. In the statement, "Your family doctor was as kind-hearted as a wolf.", the speaker actually means the doctor was rude. That is actually sarcasm, a style mostly found in ironic statements. 

A wolf does not symbolize kindness, it is wild and ruthless; therefore saying that the doctor is a kind-hearted wolf simply states the absence of kindness in the doctor.

Onomatopoeia is perhaps the easiest to recognize, that of course if you are familiar with the sounds around you. In the statement, "He went on buzzing so I left." The word "buzzing" refers to the sound bees make. The speaker expresses annoyance of such sound that made him leave but this doesn't mean there are bees in the vicinity where he was. 

It means that the person he/she was in contact with kept on nagging or he may maybe yapping things the listener was not interested with, or it could be that he continuously speaks of things someone maybe tired of hearing.

You can also check out 13 figures of speech I discussed in this video:

SPEAKING IN THE PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Here's a drill that would help you enhance your speaking skills with the use of the progressive tenses.

The Present Continuous

What to do:

1. Tell us who you are or what you do at the moment briefly.

2. Use the present progressive tense.

3. Take a video of yourself in 30 to 60 seconds only.

4. Submit video to Google Classroom. Please make sure the video is in mp4 format.

NOTE: Watch the sample video to be guided accordingly.

Hi, I'm Teacher Jeanille. And I am currently teaching at Asian College of Technology. I am teaching English subject for Grades 7, 8, 9 and 10. I am loving what I do.

The Past Continuous

What to do:

1. Tell us some experience you've had in the past which could have been interrupted by another action briefly.

2. Use the past progressive tense.

3. Take a video of yourself in 30 to 60 seconds only.

4. Submit video to Google Classroom. Please make sure the video is in mp4 format.

NOTE: Watch the sample video to be guided accordingly.

I am Teacher Jeanille. Aside from English, I also teach Dressmaking. I was gussying up for my class fashion shown when the pandemic broke. My students were sewing their sleep wears when the school president announced the suspension of classes.

The Future Continuous

What to do:

1. Tell us some experience you've had in the past which could have been interrupted by another action briefly.

2. Use the past progressive tense.

3. Take a video of yourself in 30 to 60 seconds only.

4. Submit video to Google Classroom. Please make sure the video is in mp4 format.

NOTE: Watch the sample video to be guided accordingly.

 I am Teacher Jeanille and one of the things I am eyeing to do is reading audio books. I will be exerting effort to practice and of course taking care of my voice starting next week. I will be rendering my resume once my module writing tasks are accomplished. Wish me luck!

Good luck everyone!

English 7

The Progressive Tenses

TYPES OF ADVERBS AND THEIR POSITION IN SENTENCES

 

Originally published in

July 18, 2021

@ jeanillec.blogspot.com

An adverb is a part of speech that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Lots of adverbs end in –ly but there are also a lot of them that don’t end in –ly. It can be very well remembered as well, that adverbs do not come in single words; they can be in phrases or clauses too.

Adverb	Question to Ask	Single-word adverb	Adverbs in phrases or clauses
Manner	HOW	He ran quickly.	He ran at 10 miles per hour.
		He ran fast.	He ran faster than Philip.
Time	WHEN	He ran yesterday.	He ran when he saw mom.
Place	WHERE	He ran here.	He ran to the police station.
Degree	HOW MUCH	He ran very fast.
Frequency	HOW OFTEN	He runs often.	He ran every week.
Negation		He can never understand me.
Affirmation		He is indeed wise.
Reason	WHY		He ran to call the police.

 

The position of adverbs is sentences is not really fixed however, there some rules to help us decide where to put certain adverbs in sentences depending on whether the adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb or what type of adverb it is.

Adverbs are usually found before the adjective or the adverb being modified.

-          She was terribly sorry. -          We have watched your show terribly often.

 

In the first sentence, “She was terribly sorry,” the adverb “terribly” is found before the adjective sorry. In the second sentence, “We have watched your show terribly often,” the adverb “terribly” is found before the adverb of frequency “often”.

 

Adverbs of manner, place and time are usually found after the verb or at the end of the sentence.

-          I stroke the cat gently. -          Jessica lived here. -          Let’s go home next week.

 

“I stroke the cat gently.” The adverb of manner, “gently”, is found at the end of the sentence. In the sentence “Jessica lived here,” the adverb of place, “here”, is found at the end of the sentence and immediately after the verb “lived”. Lastly, in the sentence, “Let’s go home next week,” the adverb of time, “next week”, is found at the end of the sentence and at the same time is found after the adverb of place, “home.” The adverb of place “home” is found immediately after the verb, “go.”

Adverbs indicating indefinite time and adverbs of frequency are found in between the subject and the main verb.

-          Lucy and Gary always loved strolling by the beach. -          Doris regularly shops here.

“Always” is found between the compound subject, “Lucy and Gary”, and the verb, “loved.” “Regularly” is found in between the subject, “Doris”, and the verb, “shops.”

Watch this video to learn more.

References:

Adverb https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/adverb/ 

What are Adverbs? https://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/adverbs.htm

Adverbs of Degree https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/adverbs-degree/

COHESIVE METHODS AND DEVICES

  

Originally published in

August 7, 2021

@ jeanillec.blogspot.com

Cohesion ensures that the words used in a sentence are linked together. Thus, cohesion ensures that words and sentences stick together. Here are things that you need to know about cohesion:

·         Focuses more on grammar in sentence formation. ·         Refers to individual parts that are collected together and            are stick together for representation. ·         It is observable as it is dealt with the actual written content

 

Good cohesion is achieved through the following METHODS:

Method of Cohesion	Usage
REPEATED WORDS/IDEAS	In order to achieve cohesion one of the things one should use is the repetition of words or the repetition of ideas using different words. This is where synonyms come in. Be reminded that repeating words several times than expected is pretty annoying and can make your writing dull. So use repetition creatively and efficiently.
Example:   The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defense. If these weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet.
REFERENCE WORDS	These are words used to refer to something that is previously mentioned in the text. The most commonly used reference words are pronouns. These reference words are essential to avoid unnecessary repetitions.
Example:   The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defense. If these weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet.
TRANSITION SIGNALS	These are widely dubbed as cohesive devices or linking words or phrases to show connectedness of ideas in a text. Without these, ideas become scattered and individualized, thus the lack of harmony in your writing.
Example:   The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defence. If these weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet.
ELLIPSIS	When meaning is already clear as you read the context, one or more words are left out.
Example:   The biggest threat to the earth caused by modern human activity comes from the creation of nuclear weapons. Although it cannot be denied that countries have to defend themselves, the kind of weapons that some of them currently possess are far in excess of what is needed for defense. If these [nuclear] weapons were used, they could lead to the destruction of the entire planet.

 

COHESIVE DEVICES

As previously discussed, these cohesive devices, a.k.a. transition signals or connectors, are essential in ensuring connectedness and relationship among ideas in a text. These connectors are used to link sentences, clauses and other connectors which follow a different grammar pattern.

TAKE NOTE OF THE PUNCTUATION USED… ·         Sentence connectors are joined by a full-stop (period) or semi-colon, and are followed by a comma. ·         Clause connectors are joined by a comma.

 

Here are the different types of TRANSITION SIGNALS:

Additive signals are used to introduce an additional idea.

Sentence Connectors	also besides furthermore in addition moreover additionally and	Texting while driving is really dangerous.  Furthermore, that is against the law.
Clause Connectors	and or nor	Do you want to go swimming, or come with me to the mall?
Other Connectors	another (+ noun) an additional (+ noun)	I think I saw another drifter this morning.

 

Comparison signals are used to point out the similarity or likeness of ideas.

Sentence Connectors	likewise similarly equally in the same way in the same manner	A mother usually recognizes how her child's skin feels when blindfolded. Similarly, she can, with no doubt, identify her baby's cry.
Clause Connectors	and both... and not only... but also neither... nor just as	She did not only ask for directions, but also made me her tour guide.
Other Connectors	as... as like/alike just like to be similar to to be alike to be similar	You don’t have to be just like anyone else; be distinctive.

 

Contrast signals are used to indicate the difference or unlikeness of ideas.

Sentence Connectors	however in contrast nevertheless on the contrary in/by comparison on the other hand	What she did wasn't a good thing; on the contrary, it was a huge mistake.
Clause Connectors	but whereas while still yet	All of her other siblings are doctors, whereas she is an engineer.
Other Connectors	compared to/with to be different (from) to be dissimilar to be unlike to differ (from)	We are meant to be different from each other, though we are created equal

 

Concession signals are used to show unexpected results. There might be a bit of similarity to Contrast transitions but they are not the same.

Sentence Connectors	however nevertheless nonetheless still	Sylvia is so scared of the ruthless general. She braced herself to face him nonetheless.
Clause Connectors	but yet although even though though	This community sheltered her from troublesome past, but she left without even saying goodbye.
Other Connectors	despite (+ noun) in spite of (+ noun)	Despite Henry’s good deeds, he spent the rest of his life behind bars.

 

Cause/Reason signals are used to indicate something which could be the root, the justification or the explanation of another action, condition or phenomenon.

Sentence Connectors	for this reason	Clara’s family will migrate to Canada next month. For this reason, she wouldn’t be able to join the team for the championship game.
Clause Connectors	for because since as	Clara is not here to join us anymore, because she already migrated to Canada.
Other Connectors	to result from to be the result of due to because of to be the effect of to be the consequence of as a result of as a consequence of	The team felt a bit down today due to Clara’s absence.

 

Effect/Result signals are used to point out the consequences or outcome of an action, condition or phenomenon.

Sentence Connectors	as a result as a consequence consequently hence thus therefore	She didn't like the cover of my book; Consequently, she never really read it.
Clause Connectors	so	She didn’t like it here, so she left.
Other Connectors	to result in to cause to have an effect on to affect the cause of the reason for	I don’t want my presence here to cause any trouble.

 

Example signals are used to indicate patterns of similarities or likeness; or similarities in characteristics.

Sentence Connectors	for example for instance in this case	For instance, you contracted the COVID-19 virus. What would you do?
Clause Connectors
Other Connectors	such as (+ noun) like an example of (+ noun) to demonstrate	The story of Cinderella is an example of a fairy tale.

 

Chronological Order signals are used to indicate how things or ideas are arranged in order.

Sentence Connectors	first, second, etc. first of all then next now then soon last finally previously meanwhile gradually after that since then	First she went to Myla’s house to ask for directions. Then, she went past the church after hours of getting lost. Finally, she came by the house and found me.
Clause Connectors	after as as soon as before since until when while	She asked for a glass of water and some bread, when she saw me.
Other Connectors	the first, the second the next, the last, the final before (dinner etc.) after (the wedding etc.) since (1982 etc.) in the year (1900 etc.)	I expect you to be in the house before dinner.

 

Order of Importance signals are used to indicate the sequence of events with the most to the least value.

Sentence Connectors	above all first and foremost more/most importantly primarily	Carlos have won many races; Most importantly, he brought honor and glory to our town.
Clause Connectors
Other Connectors	a more important the most important the second most significant the primary	The most important part of the ceremony is your winning speech.

 

Alternative signals are used to indicate other possibilities.

Sentence Connectors	alternatively otherwise	You can turn yourself in; Otherwise, you run and hide forever.
Clause Connectors	or if unless	They would never find you, unless someone comes forward to reveal your location.
Other Connectors

 

Explanation signals are used to make clarifications.

Sentence Connectors	that is in other words specifically	Erika never responded to your invitation. In other words, she is not really interested to your proposal.
Clause Connectors
Other Connectors	namely i.e.	Those who came are the Santoses, namely: Carmen, Laurence and Mina.

 

Reinforcement signals are used to indicate supporting or additional information.

Sentence Connectors	in fact indeed of course clearly	Martha is very much prepared for the camping. In fact, she already bought a new tent.
Clause Connectors
Other Connectors

 

Conclusion signals are used to indicate a coming to an end or to arrive at a judgement.

Sentence Connectors	all in all in brief in conclusion in short in summary	We had a long week; all in all, it was fun-filled and challenging though.
Clause Connectors
Other Connectors	to summarise to conclude It is clear that... We can see that... The evidence suggests... These examples show...	We can see that the government is doing its best to counter the ill-effects of this pandemic.

 

References:

Coherence vs Cohesion https://www.educba.com/coherence-vs-cohesion/

Cohesion and Coherence https://www.english.cam.ac.uk/elor/lo/cohesion/index.html

Transition signals https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/cohesion/transitions/

Cohesion https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/cohesion/

COHERENCE & COHESION https://writing.chalmers.se/chalmers-writing-guide/writing-a-text/coherence-cohesion/

The difference between coherence and cohesion? https://www.myenglishpages.com/blog/difference-between-coherence-and-cohesion/