In reading and writing, strong arguments are built on evidence. However, not all evidence carries the same weight or serves the same purpose. Some evidence is based on facts, while others come from opinions, experiences, or expert claims.
TYPES OF EVIDENCE BY SOURCE
Not all evidence has the same strength. Some evidence is highly reliable because it is based on data or verified sources, while others are weaker because they are based on opinions or personal experiences.
Type of Evidence | Most Effective Way to Use It in an Argument | Best Use in Writing |
Self-evidence Generally accepted facts or widely known truths | Use as a foundation or starting point to build an argument | Opening statements, background information, establishing common understanding |
Anecdotal evidence Personal stories or experiences | Use to make ideas relatable and emotionally engaging, but not as main proof | Supporting examples, introductions, illustrations of a point |
Authority evidence Claims from experts or credible organizations | Use to strengthen credibility and support claims with trusted voices | Supporting arguments, reinforcing claims, validating ideas |
Empirical evidence Data, research, observation, or experiments | Use as the strongest support for proving claims and convincing readers | Main supporting evidence in arguments, research-based justification |
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