1. FORMALISM
- discovers meaning by close reading
- focuses on form, organization and structure; word choice and language; multiple meanings
- disregars author's intent, background or any context outside the work itself
- meaning is found in the structure of language, NOT in art nor in the reader's mind
- focuses on word derivations, sentence syntax, word use, etc.
2. MIMETIC
- focuses on the ideologies that support the elite and place the working class at a disadvantage
- class conflict ; value is based on labor; the working class will eventually overthrow the capitalist middle class; the middle class exploits the working class
- analyzes the role of gender in works of literature
- meaning is socially constructed
- truth is relative, highly dependent on gender
- literature as part of history, thus an expression of forces in history
- tells something about ideologies: slavery, rights of women, etc
- analysis of the work in the context in which it was created
- analysis of the work in the context in whixt it was critically evaluated
- culture affects interpretation of historical influences of the work
- locate hidden social messages
- focuses on models or patterns from which all other things of a similar nature are made
- analyzes what evokes a similar response in peole, regarless of culture
- concerned with patterns and how they are reflected in literature
- analyzes literature to reveal insights about the way the human mind works
- works well as a method of analyzing characters' actions and motivations
- values work which furthers that promotes tolerance, social justice, sensitivity to individaul wishes and talents
- focuses on strong ethical and religious convictions
3. EXPRESSIVE
- analyzes the author's life in relation to his/her work which can help enhance to the understanding of the text
4. READER-RESPONSE
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